Symptoms

If there is a malfunction in the AV graft and AV fistula, you doctor can identify the symptoms when he or she is clinically examining the graft or fistula. In most cases, there may be a swelling or a throbbing sensation in the arm caused by fluid retention.

Some of the problems which result from the malfunction can be identified by the modern dialysis machines. Dialysis machines show an insufficient flow of blood caused by the narrowing of the supply artery, which is known as stenosis. It can also indicate if the blood is showing high levels of pressure on vein walls which is a consequence of the narrowing of vena cava in the chest.

Diagnosis

The doctor can easily diagnose the condition by using some medical visualization techniques like MRI, fluoroscopy and contrast-enhanced CT.

Treatment

Mostly, the AV fistula malfunctions happen because of the clots which are formed due to narrowing of the veins. What treatment will be best for you depends on the reason or problem which is causing AV fistula malfunctions and where the problem is residing. If the reason for the AV fistula malfunctions is due to the narrowing of the vessels, an interventional radiologist will use invasive process. The process is called percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. In this process, the doctor will use a catheter, a thin, flexible tube which has a tiny balloon attached to it at the tip. The catheter is inserted in the area, which is narrowed utilizing medical visualization guidance techniques. After this, the balloon is gently and slowly blown to expand the narrowed area.  You can also use the medication to avoid the formation of the balloon through catheter introduction in your body. It depends on your clinical situation. 

Dr Nikolas Charalambous is named among the most prominent interventional radiologist. Get a free consultation for a minimally invasive treatment of brain, neck, and spine.